On admission, patients were asked to self report any unplanned weight loss.
Common clinical manifestations of CC are muscle wasting, unplanned weight loss, anorexia, anemia, and altered immune function which contribute to increased fatigue, disability, and diminished quality of life.
The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) [ 51] is a simple and quick method of screening for malnutrition in at-risk patients, based on body mass index, unplanned weight loss and recent nutritional intake.
More recently, staging guidelines have been proposed [ 31, 32] for CC, indicating that CC represents a spectrum initially observed as unplanned weight loss (pre-cachexia) progressing through degrees of severity (four stages) to the point where the cancer patient is depleted of both muscle and fat, immunocompromised and will eventually die of complications from these issues [ 33].
Using the best available evidence on reducing and preventing unplanned weight loss, the intervention (introducing universal nutritional screening; the provision of oral nutritional supplements; and providing red trays and additional support for patients in need of feeding) will be introduced by local ward teams in a phased way in a large tertiary acute care hospital.
Exclusion criteria were inability to walk unaided; having sought medical advice for unplanned weight loss in the past three months; already consuming the nutritional supplements the trial was designed to evaluate; planning to move house within the next three months or poor cognitive function (Mini Mental State Examination short form test score of < 13 and Pfeffer score of 6 or more).
Unplanned and unwanted weight loss in hospital is common.
gPhysical signs of stress included fatigue, headaches, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, unplanned changes in weight, less sleep or difficulty sleeping, muscle tremors or twitches, difficulty or rapidity in breathing, elevated blood pressure, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or lightheadedness.
The odds of SPTL and PPROM increased as frequency of complaint of vital exhaustion increased (both Ptrend <0.001).> -wrap-foot> *Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, unplanned pregnancy, and no vitamin use during pregnancy.
gPhysical signs of stress included fatigue, headaches, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, unplanned changes in weight, less sleep or difficulty in sleeping, muscle tremors or twitches, difficulty or rapidity in breathing, elevated blood pressure, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or lightheadedness.
dPhysical signs of stress included fatigue, headaches, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, unplanned changes in weight, less or difficulty sleeping, muscle tremors or twitches, difficulty or rapid breathing, elevated blood pressure, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or lightheadedness.
