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Crest heights in the unmanaged area ranged from 3.02 m to 4.27 m.
The unmanaged area had 35% more species and contained a greater percentage of all species encountered in the study area than the managed area (88% compared to 65%).
Topographic and vegetation characteristics were evaluated on 15 transects within 5 sites in a managed area, where raking and sand fences are still used, and at 15 transects within 5 sites in a naturally evolving (unmanaged) area.
Dune volume and beach volume were greater on average in the unmanaged area, and the dune was wider (mean of 72 m versus 40 m) and had an additional ridge.
Raking and deploying fences in the managed area restricted the size of the cross-shore zone in which aeolian accretion occurred but resulted in greater dune crest heights than in the unmanaged area.
More species occurred in the swales than any other of the cross-shore habitats, and most of these species were observed in the deeper, wider swales in the unmanaged area.
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Areas with intermediate levels of management had higher or equal richness compared to unmanaged areas.
On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for unmanaged areas which is based primarily on ecological arguments.
In unmanaged areas the lack of management was seen as positive for exploration, play possibilities and for the place to be children's own.
We therefore investigated the respective influence of forest management abandonment and habitat characteristics on ground beetles in six French forests comprising both managed and unmanaged areas (85 plots).
One of the problems identified was that the bank mostly worked in officially managed forests in the poorest countries, but consistently ignored the unmanaged areas where millions of people live and depend on forests.
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