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Similarly, the time difference between control and intervention groups can introduce differences other than the intervention; for example, change in treatment patterns (eg protocols, guidelines, and changes in staffing) and other exposures that are unknown to data collectors or not recorded in medical records.
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That is, the chosen keyword and the corresponding ciphertext are unknown to the data supplier.
At the beginning of our analysis, the grouping of the microarray hybridizations was still unknown to the data analysts.
Given Ip(T, G), the number of groups is fixed, while T is unknown prior to data observation, so the maximum value that mutual information could take is H(G), and therefore, mutual information was normalized between 1 and zero using this value.
13 14 17 18 Optimal chemotherapy is unknown due to data paucity, and EPSCC management is largely based on the SCLC paradigm utilising platinum-etoposide-based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.
He says hundreds of companies, most of which are unknown to consumers, compile data and create dossiers on you that they exchange with other data brokers and with companies.
For infants included in the study, we added a category of unknown to indicate missing data.
Despite its importance, how individuals' activity travel patterns interact with their mental maps on a daily basis is largely unknown, mainly due to data, operation, and measurement issues.
One in six deaths in state and privately run homes, or more than 1,200 in the past decade, have been attributed to either unnatural or unknown causes, according to data obtained by The Times.
One in six of all deaths in state and privately run homes, or more than 1,200 in the past decade, have been attributed to either unnatural or unknown causes, according to data obtained by The New York Times that has never been released.
Perhaps most importantly, MCM can automatically calibrate unknown model parameters to data, for example obtained from monoculture experiments (as demonstrated below), from bioreactor experiments involving multiple species (Louca and Doebeli, 2015) or from environmental samples of unculturable communities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com