No less than 60% of the places in elite universities are given to candidates who have some sort of extra "hook", from rich or alumni parents to "sporting prowess".
"However, further progress on widening participation will only be achievable if universities are given access to national databases to be able to track interactions with students through school and college, enabling them to benchmark the effectiveness of different outreach schemes".
Examples of chip calorimeters developed at various universities are given to widen the overview.
In 2008, five large Australian universities were given an ALTC (Australian Learning and Teaching Council) grant to address the area of teacher peer review (PR).
The IFS calculates taxpayer contributions to university tuition are now only 5% lower than they would have been under the pre-2012 system, when universities were given much bigger teaching grants from central government.
Private colleges and universities are given the opportunity to opt out of campus-carry laws.
The square outside Sanaa University was given a new name: Change Square.
Under its current system Qatar, where women outnumber men by more than five to one at university, was given a perfect score for equality in higher education.
Virginia Tech university was given a chilling reminder of its unwanted place in American history yesterday when a gunman shot dead a police officer before turning the gun on himself.
