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He permanently demolished the nearly universal supposition that divine intervention is needed to explain the capabilities of plants and animals.
Arguments for free will are based on the subjective experience of freedom, on sentiments of guilt, on revealed religion, and on the universal supposition of responsibility for personal actions that underlies the concepts of law, reward, punishment, and incentive (for additional discussion of free will and determinism, see moral responsibility, problem of).
In turn, the personal universal supposition is divided into confused and distributive (confusa distributiva) and merely confused (confusa tantum).
If the term stands for many singulars considered together, the supposition is a personal universal supposition (personalis universalis).
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We want to trust in universal competence, the supposition that if a person is good at one thing then she will be good at another thing and vice versa.
One could, alternately, maintain that the geometry of spacetime was Euclidean by adopting a different coordinative definition, for example, holding that measuring rods expanded or contracted depending on their location in spacetime, a choice tantamount to the supposition of "universal forces".
(2) Both the subject and predicate of a universal negative proposition have confused distributive supposition, if they are common terms, as it occurs in 'no man is a stone'.
Marsilius's nominalism comes to the fore in his views on the object of scientific knowledge, the nature of universals, and the logical doctrine of supposition.
For Peter, as for Henry of Ghent (who also wrote a Syncategoreumata) the expression homo (man) in homo est animal ('Man is an animal') has simple supposition: it stands for the universal nature of humanity.
Since Marsilius rejected the idea of universals existing outside the mind, he eliminated simple supposition from the list of different types of supposition.
He was critical of some of his contemporaries (e.g., Albert of Saxony) who likewise dismissed the concept of real universals, yet kept on using the notion of simple supposition.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com