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The concordance between intrahost variation and patterns of conservation across HIV-1 group M hints at universal fitness costs of mutations.
We also showed that the immunopathological acceleration of host death imposed a universal fitness cost to the parasites, in terms of reduced lifetime transmission potential.
Finally, the point made in the Discussion about how your results provide direct justification for past efforts to extract universal fitness landscapes of HIV from cross-sectional data might be considered for inclusion in the introduction as well (e.g., Dahirel, PNAS (2011); Fergusson, Immunity (2013); Mann PLOS CB (2014)).
Although no common conclusion on this has been obtained yet – and a universal fitness distribution may as well not exist – it is often possible to estimate some general properties, such as the proportion of advantageous mutations and the mean value of the fitness of the mutations [ 19, 20].
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As we shall see in the next section, another possibility is to relativize reproductive rates in favor of another universal measure of fitness.
Although energy can seem to be a universal measure of fitness that could apply to the all the varied types of biological individuals that can emerge, it's not clear that Van Valen's approach can be as universal as desired since it has difficulty explaining increases in efficiency in energy control (see Bouchard 2004 chap 3 for analysis).
We show that patterns of minor diversity are reproducible between patients and mirror global HIV-1 diversity, suggesting a universal landscape of fitness costs that control diversity.
This notion is more universal than the fitness of mutant cells because it is independent of the time-evolution or the system size.
This paper proposes a new methodology to simultaneously select the most relevant SNPs markers for the characterization of any measurable phenotype described by a continuous variable using Support Vector Regression with Pearson Universal kernel as fitness function of a binary genetic algorithm.
This app comes from major label Universal Music Group and fitness-clubs chain David Lloyd.
This allocation is done according to imperialists fitness (fewer cost) by stochastic universal sampling method.
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