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There is no universal civilization.
It is therefore, I believe, hyperbolic to say, as Gray does, that "the predominant liberal view of toleration sees it as a means to a universal civilization".
He published a memoir, Ce que je crois: négritude, francité, et civilisation de l'universel (1988; "That Which I Believe: Negritude, Frenchness, and Universal Civilization"), as well as more poetry.
This is a war that is showing -- despite the proud claims of the globalizers -- that in the end there may be no such thing as a universal civilization, of which we all too easily assumed we were the rightful leaders.
There was no "universal civilization," Huntington had observed; this was only the pretense of what he called "Davos culture," consisting of a thin layer of technocrats and academics and businessmen who gather annually at that watering hole of the global elite in Switzerland.
The great eighteenth-century venture of a universal civilization harmonized by rational self-interest, commerce, luxury, arts, and science — the Enlightenment forged by Voltaire, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, and others — seems to have reached a turbulent anticlimax in a worldwide revolt against cosmopolitan modernity.
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"Culture" was universal, while "civilization" described an urbanized, militarized, commercial mode of life intrinsically no more valuable than any other form of culture.
National culture is thus that set of symbolic achievements made by a particular (national) group for the good of universal (world) civilization.
Pretty soon, white people discovered that they had the "duty" to help the colored people escape their cultural specificity and become part of the new universal rational civilization that was whiteness' gift to humanity.
The Jews refused to just abandon their religion and culture to join the newly secularized "enlightened" Christian thinkers in their universal rational civilization, or what has come to be known as "whiteness".
Art is not merely a universal ornament of civilization.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com