A tardiness penalty is incurred to each unit of demand that is not satisfied on time.
When θ is low, the broker purchases more RIs per unit of demand than when θ is high.
MRIO is suitable for making demand scenario analyses, because it contains 'recipes' based on coefficients denoting the amount of input required by unit of demand.
It costs fi to open facility i, and cij for facility i to serve one unit of demand from client j.
Each time the broker decides to purchase a new reserved instance, i.e., when "if MRU ≥ θ" is True (line 5), the broker then allocates this new purchase to the next unit of demand.
International Units of insulin demand, minimal and maximal blood sugar levels, as well as epinephrine and hydrocortisone demand were determined within the first 24 hours after diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock.
Consider a given undirected graph G="(V,E) with non-negative edge lengths, a root node r∈V, and a set D⊆V of demands with dv representing the units of flow that demand v∈D wishes to send to the root.
Here we obtain the effect of a production shift by Japanese firms to China, reducing one unit of final demand in Japan, and increasing one unit of final demand in the corresponding sector of China-JS.
The essential feature accompanying critical behavior is that fluctuations are passing through all the system units (mainly because of demand of SUs), and thus they are reflected by many characteristics simultaneously, e.g., mean profits (see Figures 6 and 7).
Assuming the questions around ITMO supply can be worked out and countries are willing to transfer high-quality, singly-counted emission-reduction units, the question of demand still looms: Will there be willing buyers on the other end?
