To keep track of the electrode location, we continuously monitored the spontaneous activity and the field and unitary responses evoked by electrical skin stimulation throughout electrode tracks.
As our spatially restricted light stimulation likely activated a single or only a few iNC axons, the evoked IPSCs likely represent unitary responses through the multiple contacts made by single axons on Golgi cells.
The detection threshold corresponded to twice the size of the average unitary synaptic response measured in L5 pyramidal neurons in vitro (Deuchars et al., 1994; Reyes and Sakmann, 1999).
The different distribution patterns of voltage-regulated potassium conductances over dendrites could have noticeable effects on the compound synaptic potential that was produced by spatial summation of unitary synaptic responses each of which was hardly affected by the presence nor distribution pattern of active conductances.
Thus, Selye's doctrine of a unitary, nonspecific stress response gave way to a more refined view that individuals activate stress systems more selectively depending on the characteristics of the stressor.
(B ) Classification of light-evoked responses into silent, unitary (single-peak) and complex responses, in control and in optogenetically stimulated hemispheres.
Combining this with neuroimaging allows the unique monitoring of central nervous system activation in response to unitary, controlled tactile input, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) providing exquisite spatial localisation of brain activity and magnetoencephalography (MEG) high temporal resolution.
If so, it seems possible to characterize mesolimbic dopamine function parsimoniously in a unitary way, as a response to behavioral opportunity or challenge (abstracting from whether the opportunity is to gain something pleasant or good or to avoid or escape something painful or bad).
High ASL value suggests that the given cell is capable of large output changes in response to unitary input changes, whereas the large VAR highlights that the cell is more sensitive to a particular input intensity range.
uPSP responses (uEPSP or unitary inhibitory postsynaptic potential (uIPSP)) were normalized to the first response (uPSP1) in the train.
The second crucial component in Fung's QLV theory is the reduced relaxation function G t), which describes the time course of the force induced by a unitary step in the elastic response.
