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In the random copolymerization, there was implicit penultimate unit effect on the exchange chain transfer process, which appeared in the addition process but not in the fragmentation process.
In addition, polymerization reactivity of both conformers is indistinguishable under the present conditions, and the polymerization is considered to proceed through a chain-end controlled mechanism, which excludes a penultimate unit effect on tacticity in the polymerization.
It is argued that the primary factor influencing the copolymerisation 〈kp〉 data is the sterically hindered methyl ethacrylate radicals and this steric effect swamps any enthalpic penultimate unit effect which may be expected to play a role in the copolymerisation reaction.
This unit effect may reflect differences in treatment cultures and treatment capacities.
To estimate the unit effect, the G analysis needs to calculate the means of individual raters within units.
The analyses were carried out stepwise, starting with an "empty" model including only the random work unit effect.
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Alternatively, "fixed unit effects," in which each observed unit is identified with a dummy variable, can also be used.
P164 Daily chlorhexidine bathing in a medical intensive care unit: effects on healthcare-associated infections and on acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
But, the simple approach can be extended by instead conducting a so-called regression analysis with "fixed unit effects" based on individual-level data, and aggregated variables added for each case.
The proportion of variance explained by random work unit effects was small, approximately 2-7% in all models with individual level covariates (data not shown).
A marked penultimate-unit effect was observed for the terminal radical 1 (s1 = 0.27), in conformity with the prediction of the stabilization energy model.
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