Mr. Tasini acknowledged that his union lacked such power, and anyhow, he'd prefer to have a union that people actually want to join, not one seen as an overbearing dues-gobbler.
It may be to his credit that "State of a Union" lacks an obvious ideological agenda, but that makes his book feel random and unfocused, its insights shopworn, its broadsides motivated less by principle or politics than a baser and mostly unsuccessful desire for novelty at any cost.
According to Silence is Violence, the union lacks formal procedures for dealing with allegations of sexual or gendered violence within union spaces, leaving victims marginalized and abandoned.
Right-to-work laws are found in the states with the lowest union membership (such as Texas, Alabama and South Carolina), but it is not clear whether membership is low because there are right-to-work laws and unions are discouraged from organizing, or if there are right-to-work laws because membership is initially low and thus unions lack political clout in these states.
The unions have remained silent as the city's economy and budget have soured, partly because Mr. Bloomberg has worked hard to maintain good relations with labor, and partly because the unions lack leaders like the cantankerous, outspoken giants of municipal crises past, like Albert Shanker and Victor Gotbaum.
Costa (2012 405) notes juridification, excessive competition among unions, lack of self-regulation and recurrent state intervention as impediments to collective bargaining in Portugal.
Eno cites things such as the loss of secure employment, the dismantling of unions, lack of funding for the education system, "knee-jerk nationalism," and "the concentration of prejudice enabled by social media and the internet" as some of the causes for the long decline.
The negotiations with both unions lacked the sort of public enmity seen recently in other states like Wisconsin and New Jersey, where the governors took a more confrontational approach.
Unions lacked the means to sign players to them and it was not long before the clubs in England and the RFU joined the battle as businessmen sought a return for their investments at a time of mounting losses.
