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The strongest evidence of unilateral compensation was seen in the MCLT + MMT group at week 1, including a combined temporal asymmetry and stance time imbalance.
As an example, MCLT + MMT animals showed evidence of a unilateral compensation at week 1 by a reduced period of single-limb support on the injured limb only.
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Unilateral compensations occur when the contralateral limb compensates for an injured limb.
Although the uninjured contralateral limb can compensate for an injured limb through unilateral compensations, bilateral gait compensations can also reduce the period of time during which a limb must bear weight without contralateral limb support [ 11].
To be clear, although bilateral compensations in rodents are often more difficult to identify than unilateral compensations, bilateral compensations should not be considered less significant in magnitude.
Unilateral compensations are identified primarily by temporal asymmetry and stance time imbalance and to a lesser degree by spatially asymmetric footprint patterns [ 11].
Although there was some evidence of unilateral compensations in our animals, there was strong evidence of bilateral gait compensations in both MCLT sham animals at 6 weeks postsurgery and MCLT + MMT animals at 4 and 6 weeks postsurgery, indicated by reduced stride lengths and reduced single-limb support phases on both hind limbs (p < 0.001 in all groups) (Fig. 5c).
MCLT + MMT animals had unilateral gait compensations at early time points, but by week 6 bilateral gait compensations had developed in both the MCLT sham and MCLT + MMT groups.
This protection, whether through a unilateral or bilateral compensation, is easiest to observe through reduced periods of single-limb support.
Both unilateral and bilateral compensations protect an injured limb from loading by decreasing the period during which a limb must bear weight without contralateral limb support.
Overall, this pattern is between the week 2 and week 1 gait patterns of MCLT + MMT rats and may represent a transition from unilateral to bilateral compensations (see below).
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