Martin, A., Baker, T. A. & Sauer, R. T. Protein unfolding by a AAA+ protease is dependent on ATP-hydrolysis rates and substrate energy landscapes.
We develop a continue time Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate single RNAs unfolded by a time-dependent external force on the secondary structure level.
Comparison with a Φ-value analysis of the unfolding pathway clearly shows that the protein unfolds by a different pathway under an applied force than on addition of denaturant.
Hence, a protein that is otherwise very stable may be easily unfolded by a relatively weak mechanical force applied through the right linkage.
Such behavior indicates a compact, SDS-resistant, secondary structure that results in the protein migrating through the gel faster than protein unfolded by a combination of SDS and heat.
Just as the world they depict is, for all its hectic quotidian rhythms, governed by invisible norms and patterns of behavior, so are the films, for all the breezy haphazardness with which they unfold, governed by a fierce formal intelligence and a classical sense of symmetry.
What we can safely conclude here is that, at the mid-unfolding force, gpW folds and unfolds by crossing a barrier of at least 2.5 kBT, and that the actual barrier is probably not too far from this value.
Anyone born in the West in the mid-to late 1940s could reasonably hope that their lives would unfold, by and large, to a rhythm of self-betterment, sustained by the welfare states that took root in many parts of Europe.
It slows down, it crawls, it moves backward". He was right: At Gap (we were told to never call it "the" Gap) my chief duty was to fold clothing that had been unfolded by customers, a Sisyphean task.
Our results allow one to extend the understanding of the dynamical repertoire hosted in this unfolding, by giving a complete description of the planar bursting activity that can be obtained thanks to a coupling of the planar unfolding with a slower system.
