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The current law states, "A person who owns, possesses or controls a dog shall not permit it to be in any public place or in any open or unfenced area abutting on a public place unless the dog is effectively restrained by a leash or chain not more than six feet long".
Up until that point, the common had been an unfenced area of grass and scrub land.
Like Malawi itself, it too has struggled to survive; prior to African Parks taking over management of the reserve in 2003 (in partnership with the government), the park's animals had been hunted close to extinction, and the unfenced area was being encroached on by human cultivation.
This resulted in an experimental design of a set of three 400-m2 treatments in close proximity, consisting of: (1) unfenced area available to all herbivores (open access "+E+N"); (2) area fenced to exclude only elephant (partial exclosure, nyala present "−E+N"); (3) area fenced to exclude both nyala and elephants (full exclosure "−E−N"), but providing access to smaller herbivores.
Each transect totals 10 m in length and extends 5 m into an adjacent unfenced area (control) and 5 m into its paired exclosure (separated by the exclosure fence).
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Vast unfenced areas, including this one, are treacherous to cross.
Unfortunately, the unfenced areas will remain vulnerable until you get a dog.
Deer, which have become a horrific horticultural nuisance in the Northeast, somehow know to avoid dining on several of the toxic plants, like vinca and foxglove, enabling gardeners to plant them in unfenced areas.
The reduction in the height growth of seedlings of N. dombeyi and Austrocedrus in the unfenced areas implies that presence of cattle in the recently burned areas may contribute to a post-fire transition from tall forest to bamboo-dominated shrubland that is already widespread in this landscape.
For example, Packer et al. (2013) conducted a comparative analysis of management practices in 42 PAs and found that fenced areas held African lion populations significantly closer to their maximum population potential than unfenced areas, while populations in nearly half of the unfenced areas decreased and were projected to go extinct in the next 20 40 years.
"In unfenced areas, people just don't know where the administrative borderline starts.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com