On top of all this, there's still the "unexplained gap," the difference between men and women's pay that cannot be accounted for by looking at years in the workforce or occupation.
This strong male predominance in Western countries is also age-related [ 9, 10], differs by histological type [ 7], but seems unexplained by the differences in the prevalence of some known risk factors between males and females [ 5].
It is part of the gap which is unexplained by the differences in characteristics.
Finally, it also gives the part of the gap which is unexplained by the differences in characteristics.
In classical linear regression, there is only one level of unexplained variability, namely, the difference between a particular observation and the model-predicted value for that observation (residual unexplained variability (RUV)).
For the unexplained portion of the gap, we may not differentiate the part attributed to the group membership (true "unexplained" captured by the difference in intercepts) from the part attributed to differences in the coefficient of the omitted group [5].
In addition, because of the unexplained difference in the value of F estimated from the Smith et al. (1994) data compared with the combined Kershaw et al. (1980) and Sherlock et al. (1984) data, this analysis was rerun assuming that the maximum value of F could be 48% larger than the original central tendency estimate [i.e., equal to the mean value from the analysis in Smith et al. (1994)].
They respectively indicate the relationship between the level of trust in the home country and the trust of second-generation immigrants for the United States, how this link differs in Australia, and the unexplained difference between trust levels in the United States and Australia.
As immigrants' earnings performance varies widely (Shields and Price 2002), the unexplained difference may diverge for those at the bottom than the top of the skills distribution.
When we control for the host-country trust levels, the unexplained difference in individual trust levels between Australia and the United States is still very large.
