Unexpected traffic disruptions and reliability consequences have made academia and the industry more interested in subjects such as resilience, reliability, vulnerability; flexibility, robustness, fragility and critical roads [1].
Stochastic mathematical models have been developed to improve system reliability, prevent unexpected failures, and reduce maintenance costs (Zhang 2005).
One example is the Autodesk Ember, which has sensors that allow it to gracefully recover from unexpected errors, improve print reliability, report to its user when it has completed a job and allow other users to check its state remotely.
With regard to the critical role of maintenance in improving reliability, preventing unexpected system failures and reducing maintenance costs, maintenance and replacement problems have been widely studied from different perspectives in the literature, and several models have been proposed (Wang 2002).
The finding of more adverse events in the department with the best safety culture was unexpected, and questions the reliability and validity of the tools used for measuring the patient safety culture and the adverse events.
The unexpected low test-retest reliability for the frequency of medication taking measure (days missed of prescribed diabetes medications during the past week) could be explained by the lack variability due to the clinical trial treatment context.
Somewhat unexpected is the excellent reliability for height, weight and BMI ICCC ranging from 0.97 to 1.00), and the excellent observed agreement (97.9%) and agreement beyond chance in the derived BMI categories (κw 0.93).
However, because of the low inertia characteristics of DERs, their power capacity should be well designed to cover unexpected events and guarantee system reliability.
Questionable inter-rater reliability was not unexpected given that previously developed FT items and their corresponding scoring rubrics have had the benefit of repeated testing and modification.
The high reliability observed was unexpected and may, again, be explained by the high levels of functional literacy in the population (97% of women attained primary education, a level usually associated with literacy), the quality of the questionnaire tool and the quality of training the study interviewers received.
