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We identified unexpected epidemiologic links between 21 known cases of TB (Table).
In addition to the 129 epidemiologic relationships identified before RFLP results, 11 unexpected epidemiologic relationships involving 21 persons were identified.
Genotyping plays an indirect role in interrupting the transmission of tuberculosis (TB) by identifying unexpected epidemiologic links and unsuspected sites of transmission.
There is always a short-term lack of predictability with regard to political decision-making after unexpected epidemiologic situations, such as the bioterrorist attacks in 2001 and severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, which quickly influenced perceived medical needs (30).
Our study therefore provides a disconcerting example of the unexpected epidemiologic patterns that may be associated with the dispersal of both vectors (Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti) and pathogenic arboviruses (such as DENV and CHIKV).
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For these reasons, outbreaks with unexpected or unusual clinical or epidemiologic characteristics should be pursued with added urgency, and investigators should consider the possibility of previously unidentified or newly engineered pathogens.
In this paper, we describe an online tool allowing users to detect unexpected events, eg outbreaks, in a seasonal epidemiologic time series.
Although persistence of B. melitensis in wild ruminants has not been reported, and these animals are considered an epidemiologic dead-end reservoir (3 ), the unexpected prevalence observed (≈50%) suggests that alpine ibex could be the source of bovine brucellosis reemergence in the study area in France.
Two recent trials reported no efficacy of HSV-2 suppressive therapy on reducing HIV acquisition [68], [69]; an unexpected outcome considering the extensive and consistent evidence for epidemiologic synergy between the two infections.
Population-based epidemiologic studies offer several advantageous over clinical trial data, particularly to study unexpected and rare adverse reactions such as AF in bisphosphonate users (incidence rate of AF is less than 2 per 100 person-year [ 14, 17]).
The unexpected finding of tularemia immediately after warfare raised questions about the origin of the outbreak and its epidemiologic characteristics.
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