Residents hunker down and make do amid rolling hills and uneven forests that Robert Frost would probably find familiar.
We investigated the effects on fungal sporocarp diversity of modified uneven-aged forest management practices in northern hardwood ecosystems, including a technique called Structural Complexity Enhancement (SCE).
The damage to retained trees can be very high also in regions with a longer tradition of uneven-aged forest management (Nill et al. 2011).
Finally, fine scale gap dynamics commences and a truly uneven-aged forest is developed in the late-successional phase (Fig. 5; Aakala et al. 2009).
This distribution of wounded trees, with the major frequency in the two central DBH classes (20 40 cm and 41 60 cm) is mainly due to the structure of the uneven-aged forest.
Donoso (2002) studied uneven-aged forest with basal areas from 38 to 140 m2 ha−1 in the lowlands of south-central Chile, and Chusquea spp. had levels of cover that ranged from 3 to 12%.
One of the key dynamic components of sustainability in uneven-aged forest management is the survival and development of the small trees, which are often labelled regeneration, seedlings and sapling in practical terms with variable definitions.
It is expected, however, that local competition measures with spatiotemporal analysis could explain the variation in the growth characteristics of young trees in the structurally heterogeneous uneven-aged forest stands more profoundly (cf. Eerikäinen et al., 2007).
The model, developed by the Canadian Forest Service (the model description is available to the following URL: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/carbon-accounting/13107), was recently applied to the Italian forests, in order to test the CBM for different European silvicultural systems, proposing a novel approach to include uneven-aged forest structures [13].
Change in general attitude, encouraging results regarding the profitability of uneven-aged forest management (Tahvonen, 2009; Tahvonen et al., 2010; Pukkala et al., 20102011a) and the decreasing importance of pulp and paper industries in Finland's economy have led to increasing criticism against the prevailing silvicultural practices.
