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Cold clouds of atoms with unequal populations of atomic spins can maintain a surprisingly robust superfluid state, which requires paired spins.
According to Hong et al.[ 33] this implies that the hydrogen bonds can be described by asymmetric energy wells with unequal populations.
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Statistical challenges for this type of analysis include taking into account variability and potential error in rates, due to unequal population distributions and spatial autocorrelation (Elliot et al. 2000).
In this study, we focused on three possible factors that could lead to asymmetric gene flow among populations: (1) unequal population sizes, (2) sex-biased dispersal and (3) surface-level trade winds.
In some instances, a more complex null model was also used with unequal population sizes.
A third set of simulations was produced to study the effect of unequal population size.
A migration matrix model with unequal population sizes and different migration rates was assumed (Beerli & Felsenstein, 1999, 2001).
To simulate coexisting populations of unequal population size, we modified bactsimDF to include populations of size 1800 and 200 (fig. 3).
Given the clear differences in size among populations, significance of the statistics was tested using the isolation models with unequal population sizes as null model.
Allele richness and number of private alleles by population, corrected for unequal population size, is shown in Additional files 10a and 10b.
However, we could not ascertain the presence and direction of migration due to limited power of our statistics in case of unequal population sizes.
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