This formulation permits unequal breadth and depth taper ratios as well as unequal element lengths.
This formulation permits any combination of taper ratios as well as unequal element lengths.
With well-aligned flanking sequences and TSRs, most of the solo-LTRs must derive from intra-element unequal recombination of specific full-length elements.
The influence of Graetz number and the number of unequal heat flux elements on the temperature reduction is studied.
By conducting a detailed optimization process, it is shown that there exists an optimum 'descending' distribution for the unequal heat flux elements that minimizes the hot spot temperatures.
These include gene and genome duplication, gene silencing and eventual deletion of duplicated genes subsequent to polyploidization, transposable element amplification, gene movement mediated by transposition of mobile elements, unequal homologous recombination, and illegitimate recombination.
Duplications of genes as a consequence of the activity of transposable elements, unequal crossing-over and other mechanisms occur frequently in the course of vertebrate evolution [ 19].
The latter ones could be solo-LTRs originating from inter-element unequal recombination or they could be part of highly rearranged and incomplete elements.
For instance, compared with the case of uniform heating, it is shown that the hot spot temperature is reduced up to 25% in the case of four unequal heat flux element under the influence of intermediate values of Graetz number.
First, many TEs, despite their abundance, have undergone intra- or inter-element unequal recombination [ 10, 11], or accumulation of small deletions by illegitimate recombination [ 10, 11], and thus are structurally incomplete.
