Yet, notwithstanding these sharp movements in the real exchange-rate, trade between the two has been growing steadily in both directions, and Argentine exports to Brazil have grown strongly over the whole period.Although growing, integration between the two countries remains low and very large swings in real exchange rates have not had undue effects.
Sputum induction was performed as previously described[ 29], using a low concentration of DTT (0.003%) to disperse cells without undue effects on mediator measurements.
Casey permitted states to restrict abortion access provided that the restriction did not -- "in purpose or effect" -- place an undue burden on the woman seeking an abortion.
This was the very definition of an undue burden — a law whose "purpose or effect" was "to place a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion".
"In such circumstances, this criminal provision would, in my view, create an undue chilling effect".
As we held in Casey, an abortion regulation constitutes an undue burden if it "has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus".
Opponents of the law are likely to argue that the surgical-center standards and their effect on women seeking abortions across the state pose an undue burden and are thus unconstitutional.
An undue burden, the Court said, exists when "a state regulation has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion".
A federal district court initially blocked Arkansas' law from going into effect after the judge found the provisions would likely pose an unconstitutional "undue burden" to women in the state who wanted abortions.
"We reversed the district court and permitted the law to go into effect because the plaintiffs had not demonstrated that the law placed an undue burden on a large fraction of women," the decision from a three-judge panel said.
