For gradient-type algorithms it was concluded that, if the noise sequence compensates the undistorted error, i.e., v k =−e a,k, the algorithms do not update and their maximum robustness level γ is obtained with identity, thus such sequences were considered to cause worst-case situations.
A professor of statistics, he aims to find the best way of processing and analyzing data to obtain undistorted images or signals in spite of noise or missing data.
Three standard mixtures respectively at 0.0008, 0.0015, and 0.0030 mg/mL were prepared in methanol to determine the level at which three signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with an undistorted ultraviolet (UV) spectrum could be obtained for each analyte.
Since it is inefficient to reject the signals affected by the speckle noise, an algorithm for selecting an undistorted portion of a signal is proposed.
Also, since the input signal, x(n), and the system noise, v(n), are uncorrelated, the undistorted error signal, e u(n), is also uncorrelated with the system noise.
The system is evaluated on the basis of the ratio between the power of the undistorted part of the signal and the effective noise power, called effective SNR, which accounts for the contributions caused by the clipping, shot noise, and thermal noise.
In the presence of the system noise, when the adaptive filter starts to converge, the power of the undistorted error signal, e u(n), decreases and, consequently, the normalized step-size decreases, thus leading to low misadjustment.
These algorithms are commonly designed by modifying the noise-reduction-related cost functions such that the binaural cues are kept undistorted [3, 6, 7].
In the absence of the system noise [i.e., v(n)=0], the a priori error signal, e(n), equals the undistorted error signal, e u(n), so that and the optimal normalized step-size is equal to 1, which justifies the discussion related to (6).
where e u(n) denotes the so-called undistorted error signal [1], i.e., the part of the error that is not affected by the system noise.
Acoustics were vivid and undistorted.
