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A shift from autotrophic to heterotrophic conditions, or a shift to more extreme heterotrophy, is likely to have significant, but as yet undetermined, implications for ecosystem goods and services.
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Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the clinical implications of the finding of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance in cervical cytologic specimens in our patient population.
In the present study, we investigated telomerase activation and its implications in plasma cell dyscrasias including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukaemia (PCL).
The χ2 test and analysis of variance were applied to dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively, to determine the implications of a cytologic evaluation of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance.
This pictorial review provides an overview of the most important imaging findings in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering myeloma and multiple myeloma, by performing a 'total' MRI investigation with implications for the diagnosis, staging and response assessment.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
ASCUS=atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.
Our work has therapeutic implications derived from the observation that both c-Myc and IRF4 expression levels steadily increase over the course of MM disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to SMM, then newly diagnosed MM, and finally relapsed/refractory MM, suggesting that the upregulation of this axis contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Despite these preclinical results, the induction of changes in nuclear β-catenin and E-cadherin expression after RT or CRT and the implications for prognosis remain undetermined in the clinical setting.
The clinical implications of these findings are at present therefore undetermined.
The biological significance of this novel interface, however, remained undetermined.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com