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Even America's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Programmedefines NLWs as "weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to incapacitate personnel...while minimising fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property".
The directive arose in the wake of America's withdrawal in 1995 from Somalia, where it had become clear that soldiers had few technological options when wishing to, as the directive put it, "incapacitate personnel and materiel while minimising fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment".
Undesired damage to the hide grain was evaluated by the determination of free hydroxyproline in the process liquor.
Instability of the linker causes premature liberation of the toxic payload and undesired damage to non-target healthy cells, which can lead to systemic toxicity and adverse effects.
In contrast, undesired damage to normal tissues may be caused by non-specific, untargeted drug delivery and heat supplied to the tumor area.
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In a variety of inflammatory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, an excess infiltration of granulocytes into a tissue causes undesired collateral damage, and being able to reduce granulocyte adhesion and influx could reduce this damage.
Undesired surface damage by the FIB milling process must be reduced for successful and efficient modifications on the surface of a silicon substrate.
On the contrary, these ions adversely caused undesired expansive damage of OPC mortars resulting from the formulation of excessive ettringite (AFt) and gypsum precipitation.
However, excessive complement activation contributes to undesired tissue damage and the role of complement in other inflammatory diseases has previously been reported [46].
As a result, various mechanisms have evolved to limit undesired cellular damage and maintain redox homeostasis.
The partial obstruction of the ultrasound beam leads to a significant reduction of energy in the focal-point area and can lead to undesired tissue damage of the intercostal muscles and subcutaneous tissue.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com