This significant variation of the defect density at the GBs would indicate that a non-negligible quantity of undesirable impurities have been gettered and removed from the grain boundaries.
Irrigation with poor quality waters may bring undesirable elements to the soil in excessive quantities affecting its fertility (Nishanthiny et al. 2010).
Manganese is aesthetically undesirable in drinking water, even in small quantities, as it coats the interior of the distribution mains with a black slime, giving rise to consumer complaints.
Most of the undesirable exhaust emissions are produced in minute quantities and these are oxides of nitrogen NOx, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), lead salts, polyaromatics, soots, aldehydes, ketones, and nitro-olefins.
Data on quantities of inputs, desirable outputs, and undesirable outputs are required to estimate productivity change over time using the Malmquist productivity index and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index.
In the original studies another method was used to decrease uncertainties of the array measurements, i.e., the use of the quantity Xdev [ 19, 20], however, this showed undesirable artifacts since the variance in error estimation is dependent on the number of spots used in the calculations.
Large quantities of gelatine in parchment documents can be undesirable because it can put documents at risk to physical changes, such as fragmentation [5].
The SC is a dimensionless quantity valued at −1 to 1. Negative values are undesirable and values closer to 1 denote an overall measure of goodness for a cluster.
A percentage by which the relative quantity of inputs (i.e., labor and capital) and undesirable outputs (i.e., waste gas, wastewater, number of patients, and infectious diseases) may be reduced.
The quantity of printed materials also makes it impossible, as well as undesirable, for any institution to acquire and house more than a small portion of it.
