Initial kinematic parameters corresponding to real swimmer's single front crawl underwater stroke cycle were obtained from previous experimental study [ 13].
According to the current results, it is clear that, in order to increase the drag force contribution throughout the underwater stroke cycle, the shape of the hand should be altered in separate individual phases.
In reality, swimmers can change the depth, orientation, shape, and velocity of hand throughout underwater front crawl cycle.
We observed that the drag coefficient was not constant and it varied throughout underwater front crawl cycle regardless of differences in hand model.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate drag force and drag coefficient correspondence to variation in kinematic parameters (orientation, shape, and velocity) of swimmer's hand during complete underwater front crawl stroke cycle.
This study, based on the CFD method, indicated that drag force and drag coefficient were significantly affected by velocity, hand frontal cross-section area, and both angles of hand orientation (pitch and sweepback) during complete underwater front crawl single cycle.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate drag force and drag coefficient corresponding to the variation in kinematic parameters (orientation, shape, and velocity) of swimmer's hand during complete underwater front crawl stroke cycle.
He also said that Russia in December had concluded a multiyear testing cycle for an underwater, nuclear-powered drone.
Just along the loch from Mervyn's farm is the Scottish Crannog Centre at Kenmore, where Barrie Andrean and her husband Nicholas Dixon, both underwater archaeologists, explain how this cycle was part of everyday life in the earliest days of lochside living.
Carter went into cycles of being underwater in the polls and struggling above water, until he finished his presidency well below the waterline, and lost to Reagan in 1980, ending up a one-term president.
