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This study examined the rate of endorsement of mastery-avoidance goal items by elite college baseball players and explored the explanations given for endorsements, to evaluate how the players understood the items and their own responses to them.
All respondents understood the items without difficulty.
This provided a good indication that patients understood the items as they were intended.
All patients were asked whether they understood the items and whether they could interpret the questionnaires correctly.
Participants understood the items could recall their childhoods such that they could answer the items, and found that the response categories reflected their circumstances.
Feasibility was established as all patients in the validation study completed the QUOTE-Liver quickly (average time of 1.5 minutes), and understood the items.
Similar(49)
Another participant (5%) understood the item, but indicated they would prefer using the word "extreme" for the "very severe" response option.
Patients understood the item meaning, understood response scale, and were able to select a response.
The recorder listened to the discussion and judged whether the child understood the item using the scale described below.
Possibly, the large SD indicates that different respondents understood the item in different ways such that it failed to reliably measure the intended aspect of fusion.
Comprehension issues were judged as any misunderstanding or confusion relating to word or phrase from the measures instructions, items or response options and whether the participant understood the item in the same way intended by the researcher.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com