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Questions remain about the nature of this causal relation understood as a relation that relates both token events and universals.
On this view, Oscar's belief that water is wet will be understood as a relation to a sentence-like internal representation.
Russell chooses a different path in the attempt to somehow reconcile the idea that knowledge has to be understood as a relation of acquaintance with objects with the phenomenon of propositional knowledge.
In the possible worlds semantics of Nelson's constructive logics with strong negation, the worlds are viewed as information states endowed with a reflexive and transitive relation $\leq$ understood as a relation of possible expansion of states, and two semantical relations between a state and a formula are discriminated, namely support of truth, $\models ^+$, and support of falsity, $\models ^-$^-$
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The relation R in (A1), when RTM is combined with (B), is meant to be understood as a computational/functional relation.
Why think, however, that grounding isn't, or doesn't induce, an SPO? We've already seen one challenge to the transitivity of grounding understood as a binary relation (see §3).
We show that truth for this logic can be understood as a simulation relation itself, but with respect to a richer functor F moreover, it is the the largest simulation, i.e. the similarity relation between states of the coalgebra and elements of the language.
Confirmation is understood as a three-place relation: E represents a proposition about accepted evidence, H stands for a hypothesis, K for background knowledge and Pr for the agent's subjective probability function.
Satisfaction is naturally understood as a word-to-world relation as well, which relates a predicate to the things in the world that bear it.
This quote suggests a connection between type-identity theories and models of theory-reduction: It suggests that reduction, understood as an inter-theory relation, is closely related to type-identity theory.
As long as it is not understood as a causal or explanatory relation determination can be symmetric, so any version of (C) is compatible with the corresponding version of (Fall).
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