But the pervasive rhetoric in our society supporting the ideologies of individualism and of economic and academic competition tends to subvert any deeper understanding of selection.
Although some studies support this hypothesis and have contributed substantially to the understanding of selection by predation [10] [20], (but see [18]), most of them are based on opportunistic observations or rely on some specific traits of the prey [15], [18] [20] or parasite load [12], [13].
There were opportunities for questions throughout and we checked understanding of selection bias by monitoring their response, and providing further clarification if necessary.
Participants were provided with information about research processes and selection bias so that we could investigate whether an understanding of selection bias would alter views about the necessity of consent for a review of medical records.
Highly differentiated CNVs overlapping or in proximity of genes indicate recent evolutionary events, and emphasize the importance to improve our understanding of selection forces that shape the observed population differentiation [ 57].
It is important to realise, however, that much of our understanding of selection-induced changes relates to the process of anagenesis, the gradual evolution of whole populations.
We used the conceptual inventory of natural selection (CINS) to measure student understanding of natural selection (Anderson et al. 2002).
However, to determine the relative influence of each variable on students' incoming acceptance of evolution at pre-test, their incoming understanding of natural selection at pre-test, and changes in understanding of natural selection over the semester, we ran three independent multiple regressions using relevant variables as predictors of the dependent variable in each regression.
The learning goals of this exercise focus on the conceptual understanding of natural selection, and the outcomes expect that a strong understanding of natural selection can be applied to develop a strong understanding of other mechanisms of evolutionary change (Table 2).
After the course, we again measured students' understanding of natural selection and teleological reasoning, while controlling for their initial understanding of natural selection, in order to determine which variables influenced learning gains of natural selection over the semester.
