Although tracking the behaviour of fouling organisms aids in understanding surface selection, a more detailed understanding of interfacial interactions also requires information at the molecular level.
She discussed how understanding surface growth, a natural process seen in nature, can potentially be translated to engineering applications.
Understanding surface structure of graphene is important for its integration into composite materials.
A major difficulty in understanding surface degradation is the measurement of the surface roughness evolution at the relevant scales.
There is increasing evidence that a sound understanding of spatial-temporal dynamics of land use and management are crucial to understanding surface runoff processes and underpinning mitigation strategies.
Understanding surface asperities are very important because the friction and wear properties of two materials depend on the nanoscale contact between the material surfaces.
A steady state geochemical model has been developed to assist in understanding surface-catalysed oxidation of aqueous Fe(II) by O2 aq), which occurs rapidly at circumneutral pH.
Understanding surface properties of biomaterials in contact with biological and biomedical systems is required to understand their performance and problems in an applications context, and offer new designs.
On the one side, traditional 'macroscopic' methods based on the water uptake/release given by a step pressure change allow estimating the overall (transport) diffusivity of guest molecules; on the other side, microimaging techniques are now paving the way towards understanding surface permeation mechanisms by directly measuring diffusion paths with molecular precision19,20.
Recently, Sahin et al. (2007) found that it is essential for understanding surface properties to design a cantilever with an eccentric tip and observe its coupled flexural torsional characteristics.
OK, so -- So, let me say, let's start by understanding surface area on a sphere of radius a. So, that means we'll be looking at a little piece of the sphere corresponding to angles delta phi and in that direction here delta theta.
