Recently emergent fields in land change science and social ecology draw on tools from the social and natural sciences to improve our understanding of complex interactions between humans and the environment.
Currently, no engineering guidelines for designing an effective water curtain system are available, due to lack of understanding of complex interactions between ammonia vapor cloud and water droplets, especially the understanding of ammonia absorption into water droplets.
Recent advances in the understanding of complex interactions between fungi and host have led to the design and exploration of novel therapeutic strategies in cytokine therapy, vaccines, and cellular immunotherapy, each of which might become viable adjuncts to existing antifungal regimens.
Yet the successful application of microbial inoculants (biofertilizers) to date has been plagued by inadequate understanding of complex interactions between hosts and microbes, and between microbes [69].
Quantifying the fitness costs and benefits of changes in colony size will permit parameterization of size-structure population models for colonial phytoplankton, and so may improve our understanding of complex interactions between harmful phytoplankton, algal competitors, and grazers [71], [72], [73].
Consequently, such investigations provide researchers with the potential to rapidly increase our understanding of complex interactions and biological functions within the cardiovascular system.
Understanding how selection drives the evolution of complex interactions between cell clones remains a challenging question.
In order to understand more comprehensively the mechanism of estrogen action on skin aging, we need to improve our understanding of the complex interactions of estrogen signaling pathways.
A better understanding of the complex interactions of cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress appears to have very widespread implications in the pathophysiology and treatment of disease [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97].
Finally, we examined the frequency of interdisciplinary research as an index of our understanding of the complex interactions and feedbacks possible under global biofuel production scenarios.
We will gain an in-depth understanding of the complex interactions between the patient experience of care, the involvement of carers and the health and social care systems in which care is delivered and received.
