The phase-contrast microscope can be considered to be an example of an optical processing system, and the concepts understood by reference to Figure 9.
Habituation must therefore, it appears, be understood by reference to some change in the pathway between stimulus and response, and the work with Aplysia and other mollusks shows how this analysis may proceed at the physiological level.
Thus, for Locke morality is clearly and necessarily anthropocentric, understood by reference to human nature.
Second: as with the game, art is not to be understood by reference to its tools and equipment alone.
Any apparently unclear passage could be understood by reference to other scriptural passages that dealt with the same matter.
In its simplest, classical, semantic analysis, a disjunction is understood by reference to the conditions under which it is true, and under which it is false.
Keichû argued that the Man'yôshû poems could not be understood by reference to Confucian discourse because the perspective of the ancient Japanese was fundamentally informed by their faith in indigenous deities.
Hook, as an ethical naturalist, shares the Deweyan view that is developed in that chapter that the term "Good" can be understood by reference to the "desirable" as distinct from the non-naturalist view of G.E. Moore that "Good" is not definable by reference to natural properties.
Though Grosseteste provides little detail about the notion of a "bare opposite", it is clearly to be understood by reference to his view, as propounded in On Free Decision, that the moral goodness or evil of an act is a matter of its relation to God's will.
In opposition to the formal theories of the generative school, functional theories of language propose that since language is fundamentally a tool, its structures are best analyzed and understood by reference to their functions.
