When a buried IED detonates under a vehicle (underbody blast), a supersonic shockwave forms, carrying a mass of ejected soil toward the underside of the vehicle and imparting a large force because the pressure wave may reach 3 million psi [ 3, 8, 23].
After flushing with ambient air, the tube air equilibrates with soil air through the membrane underside allowing direct soil efflux calculations.
A neglected process affecting CWD is the covering of the surfaces of downed logs caused by sinking into the ground (increasing soil contact, mostly covering the underside of the log), and dense overgrowth by ground vegetation.
Cucumber seedlings at the second true leaf stage were inoculated by spraying Psl suspensions on the underside of each true leaves 1 2 days after soil drenching.
Then, simply wipe or brush away any clinging soil particles, first from the top and underside of the cap and then from the stem.
However, glaciers during the Pleistocene blanketed most of the landscape with till (boulder clay), scraped up and carried along by the underside of the great ice sheets, so that few soils can now be directly related to their parent rock.
The adult emerges from the soil in late April before laying eggs on the underside of the leaves of the host plant.
From the underside of the disc, a bundle of fibrous roots extends for a short way into the soil.
Individuals used the surface and crevices in the peat-soil substrate, but also climbed the moss and inner walls of the bucket as well as the underside of the fibre-cloth cover to feed and seek out different temperature, light and humidity regimes.
