Although confirmed statistics are missing, evidence from developed countries estimates that billions of dollars are wasted in the health care system annually due to underreporting of errors [ 1].
However, health care organizations often do not learn from failures, and this failure to learn is, at least in part, due to underreporting of errors and near misses by the frontline clinicians [ 6].
Lawsuits can also reveal errors that should have been reported but were not — medical providers notoriously underreport errors (although studies have shown that the threat of litigation is not responsible for this underreporting) and lawsuits may fill these gaps.
Both methods raise the issue of underreporting and measurement error.
Moreover, interviewers asked directly to every child aged 10 or more years how many hours they spend working, studying, or doing household chores during the reference week, which is expected to reduce measurement error for underreporting.13.13
First, our reliance on single 24-h dietary recalls to infer population dietary patterns may introduce inaccuracy and bias to our analyses due to underreporting, unreliability, and conversion error.
Not all errors involve underreporting.
The use of residuals was done to circumvent potential errors from underreporting or over-reporting.
Participants considered that IPV registration was still in the early stages, with consequent errors and underreporting.
Although diet records with notebooks and scales can be more detailed and precise than standardised food frequency questionnaires, results from surveys of food intake have low reproducibility and, in particular, there are systematic errors in underreporting energy intake [ 22].
