The Supreme Court has agreed to decide only the jurisdictional issue, whether habeas corpus actions can be brought in United States courts, not such underlying substantive questions as whether the administration must comply with the Geneva Convention.
It should be kept in mind that, although all of these analyses are attempting to address the same underlying substantive question (i.e., whether asthma education "works"), the SMD analyses address this question on a fundamentally different scale by converting measurements into standard deviation units.
This entails unlocking and exploiting the potential of ICT of the new wave of computing as an enabling, integrative, and constitutive technology for achieving the environmental, social, and economic goals of sustainability due to the underlying transformational, substantive, and disruptive effects [5, 6].
While they are efficacious for psychotic symptoms, their efficacy is limited for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits which underlie the substantive disability in this illness.
Each attitudinal item is therefore modeled with respect to a substantive trait underlying the scale to which it belongs (denoted as θ s = θ ENJ , θ VAL , θ ENV , θ USE , θ FUTA , θ FUTB , or θ LRN ) and the extreme response style trait (denoted as θ ERS ).
Any potential group difference (or indeed failure to find a group difference) in body dissatisfaction may be attributed to one or more of the following sources: (1) measurement error; (2) response style differences across cohorts; (3) qualitative differences in the meaning of the underlying construct; or (4) substantive differences in the construct.
This bistable transition approach is substantially different from the bifurcation hypothesis in the sense that one is driven predominately by stochastic processes, with no substantive changes in underlying parameters over the time course of seizure onset, whilst the other corresponds to a predominately deterministic route to seizures through underlying parameter variation.
One strategy to support extrapolation and reduce arbitrary fitting and confounding is to force the model to derive from the same mathematical structure that underlies the substantive science appropriate for the phenomena.
Most important, however, the psychometric theories failed to say anything substantive about the processes underlying intelligence.
Our differing answers are downstream from underlying disagreements about the Constitution's substantive mission and the role of the federal judiciary in furthering that mission.
Despite substantive research efforts, the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment resulting from HIV infection are far from understood.
