In cases where all of the underlying steps of xenobiotic interference with the organism are known, one would talk of the substance's "mechanism of action", i.e. binding to a specific receptor which elicits a certain subsequent known cascade of events.
We conducted an evaluation study of an interactive, transactional, and evidence-based library of decision aids in primary care physicians and examined the underlying steps of the SDM process, and the influence of prior experience with decision aids.
While the possibility of some real change in risk cannot be excluded, for many cancer subtypes the estimated timing of underlying step changes in rate appeared to correspond with changes in diagnosis or registration procedures.
Using national registry data from Great Britain, we estimated the timing of assumed underlying step changes in rate, and compared this with relevant innovations in diagnosis and registration procedure.
Furthermore, we have taken advantage of the flexibility of pseudotyped particles to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying initial steps of virus entry following cell attachment.
Furthermore, by combining these imaging techniques with pharmacology, the signalling mechanisms underlying different steps of structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines have been revealed.
The mechanisms underlying these initial steps of leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion have been studied in detail [1], [2], [3].
Such ongoing speciation is happening under clinal sympatry, yet the very ecological processes underlying the initial steps of divergence presumably involve the occupation of marginal habitats and may happen under allopatry of the genetic variants responsible for the niche shift.
To gain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the early steps of conidial germination, we undertook a transcriptomic analysis using macroarrays constructed with PCR fragments from > 3,000 genes (around one third of the annotated A. fumigatus genome).
Once the growing steps in Ot-1 reached the original position of the underlying calcite step (i.e. step 2 reaching the initial position of step 1, marked as 1' in Fig. 4b) their growth rate was reduced from 0.14 ± 0.01 nm/s to 0.03 ± 0.01 nm/s.
The current availability of several genome sequences allows the study of the evolutionary steps underlying the expansion of a gene family by detailed characterisation of lineage-specific expansions.
