An article in The New York Times highlighted sanitation as an underlying cause of malnutrition, impaired cognitive development, and growth stunting -- something sanitation advocates, such as one of my personal heroes, the late Andra Tamburro, have been saying for years.
That way, he added, the projects could create jobs and economic growth, perhaps helping to ease the poverty that underlies poor sanitation.
Poor transport and communication, lack of irrigation infrastructure and inadequate access to safe drinking water and sanitation are among the underlying causes.
They have paid attention to nutrition-specific policies and they have had some help from underlying things, like health or water or sanitation," he said.
We hypothesized that wastewater leaching from on-site sanitation systems to alluvial aquifers underlying informal settlements (or slums) may end up contributing to high nutrient loads to surface water upon groundwater exfiltration.
"Poor sanitation is one of the most important underlying causes in the country's pervasive malnutrition," said Dr. Richard Cash of the Harvard School of Public Health, who led the student trip.
Other health effects are less immediate and typically occur via more complex causal pathways that involve a range of underlying social conditions and sectors such as water and sanitation, agriculture and urban planning.
Underlying the outbreaks of cholera are problems with basic sanitation and clean water supply, areas in which UNICEF is assisting the Government of Angola to ramp up their services to the population.
Other factors affecting maternal and neonatal health outcomes may include delays in care seeking, or underlying causes such as lack of education, poor water and sanitation, and malnutrition [ 31].
Large differentials in infant survival by socio-economic factors and access to water and sanitation indicate that social and gender inequities are the underlying cause of the stagnation of infant mortality in Pakistan.
