In this section, we express the probability P[X t ≥p 1∣X 0
of underlying quantities at every time instance t>0.
Several factors may affect such analyses, such as strain type, immune status of the host, underlying diseases, quantity of the infecting bacteria and the route of infection.
Principal component analysis seeks linear combinations of variables that represent underlying fundamental quantities of which the observed variables are expressions.
The history of receptor modeling and the data on which it is based are reported, explaining how modeling techniques and the resulting models have evolved as the quality and quantity of underlying experimental studies have increased.
This is a much more sizeable change in the treatment effect estimate, implying a larger quantity of underlying residual confounding biasing the estimate away from the null.
Abstract: Galaxy formation is an intricate process and observations of galaxies have complex relations to the underlying physical quantities.
As is apparent from the expression for the differential interval between neighboring spacetime events, ds2 = gμν dxμ dxν (here, and below there is an implicit summation over repeated upper and lower indices), the metric tensor is at once the geometrical quantity underlying measurable metrical relations of lengths and times.
Given a point cloud, an implicit PHT-spline surface is constructed by interpolating the Hermitian information at the basis vertices of the T-mesh, and the Hermitian information is obtained by estimating the geometric quantities on the underlying surface of the point cloud.
What's the quality and quantity of information underlying our predictions?
The advantage of this simplistic approach, in our opinion, is that the model sheds light on the possible mechanisms and key quantities underlying bistability in malaria dynamics.
The mechanisms underlying the discrimination of small quantities (<4) were recently investigated while, to date, no study has examined the discrimination of large numerosities in fish.
