She wrote that "ratings are actionable if (they) both misstated the opinions or beliefs held by the rating agencies and were false or misleading with respect to the underlying subject matter they address".
While constructivism was ostensibly developed as an art form in graphics and sculpture, it had architecture and construction as its underlying subject matter.
GMC excess in ipsilateral parahippocampal, cerebellar, and pericallosal regions was common to both left and right HA groups relative to controls, and is hypothesized to reflect diminished gray white matter demarcation, underlying white matter atrophy, or structural displacement due to cerebrospinal fluid expansion.
Although there is increasing evidence suggesting that there may be subtle abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients using modern neuroimaging techniques, most of these previous studies focused on the brain grey matter, leaving the underlying white matter abnormalities in IGE largely unknown, which baffles the treatment as well as the understanding of IGE.
Furthermore, almost all lesions (across different neurological etiologies) not only affect gray matter but also penetrate into the underlying white matter thus potentially (but not necessarily) disrupting connections between areas.
WMH partially identify underlying white matter pathology and may be associated with widespread white matter changes, the novel concept of white matter hyperintensities penumbra [ 107].
Examples of the semi-quantitative scoring for pTDP-43 immunoperoxidase pathology in the motor cortex (A-D) and underlying white matter (E-G): sparse in cortex (A) and white matter (E); mild in cortex (B) and white matter (F); moderate in cortex (C) and white matter (G); severe in cortex (D).
Moderate to severe pTDP-43 pathology was only observed in Stages 3 and 4. Correlation analysis showed that the severity of pTDP-43 pathology in the underlying white matter was linearly associated to that in the overlying grey matter (Rho = 0.854, p < 0.001) with the grey matter having more severe pTDP-43 pathology on average (Fig. 2c).
Structural neuroimaging analyses showed the behavioural variability in patients was related to changes in grey matter volume in pre-supplementary motor area, and changes in its underlying white matter tracts to prefrontal cortex.
Contrary to previous studies of brain volume in PEs, which found increased temporal gray matter volume (Jacobson et al. 2010; Modinos et al. 2010; Cullen et al. 2013), there were no differences in underlying gray matter volume in a whole-brain analysis between the groups and gray matter volume was not added as a potential confounder to our analyses.
