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The underlying hyphae have a parallel arrangement, and are hyaline or brownish, dextrinoid, with short and inflated cells that are up to 35 µm wide.
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The layer of hyphae underlying the cap cuticle are parallel, colorless or with cytoplasmic brownish pigment, dextrinoid, and have short and inflated cells measuring up to 30 µm wide.
The layer of hyphae underlying the cap cuticle is parallel, cylindrical, hyaline or brownish, and dextrinoid; it has short and inflated cells that are up to 48 µm wide.
The cap cuticle, typically 125 200 µm thick, is embedded in a gelatinous layer, and is differentiated into two layers: the epicutis, which consists of interwoven hyphae, and the underlying subcutis.
These data suggest that P application can enhance the resistance of AM to Cd via polyP chelation, and this represents another mechanism underlying the detoxification of Cd by AM hyphae other than the absorption by hyphae.
Since the molecular mechanism underlying the surfactin-mediated inhibition of aerial hyphae formation is not well understood, the role of catenulipeptin in aerial hyphae restoration is not clear and requires further studies.
The fruit body is often expanded at the base into a solid rounded mass of hyphae called an emplacement, which typically becomes tangled and entwined with small fragments of the underlying growing surface, improving its stability and helping it from being knocked over by rain.
Hyphae of the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans reorient their growth axis in response to underlying surface topography (thigmotropism) [6] and imposed electric fields (galvanotropism) [7].
The underlying lesson?
Change the underlying context.
Underlying growth potential suffers.
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