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The appearance of retinal surface pathology makes it difficult to distinguish underlying edema and therefore precludes assessment for edema in these eyes.
The molecular mechanisms underlying edema formation after stroke are largely unknown.
So far no medication, e. g. steroids or hyperosmolaric solutions, has proven to effectively reduce brain edema in acute stroke [3] [5] and the molecular mechanisms underlying edema formation are largely unknown.
For instance, paw thickness uses dimensional changes in the paw as a surrogate marker for underlying edema and inflammation, while clinical score assessment is a subjective assessment of paw swelling and erythema.
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Depending on the underlying pathology, myocardial edema can be a regional or diffuse process.
This study aimed to use the data prospectively collected by the SAH PiCCO study group to (1) determine whether there are differences in postoperative hemodynamics and pulmonary edema between patients with SAH who undergo aneurysmal clipping and those who undergo endovascular coiling and (2) investigate the mechanisms underlying postoperative pulmonary edema.
Some of the classic signs associated with histamine-mediated angioedema are the "wheal and flare" reaction of the superficial layers of the skin and interstitial edema of underlying subcutaneous, mucosal, and submucosal layers of the skin [4].
The release of cerebrovascular proteins into blood plasma is dependent on the status (breakdown) of the BBB, which in ALF is dependent on the underlying mechanisms of cerebral edema, cytotoxic and vasogenic [34].
MRI provides information regarding features of the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone, including edema, fractures, fluid interfaces, articular surface integrity, and fragment displacement.
It is vital to understand the mechanisms underlying the mechanism of edema formation in ICH [ 33, 48].
The processes underlying the life-threatening edema following disruption of the blood brain barrier after stroke and trauma are still obscure.
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