Aetna recently reported that the underlying costs of providing health care were rising faster than profits.
That increases the underlying costs of economic activity, as well as "sink costs" in the form of the cost of waste that our economic activity is generating.
The home insurance industry is notorious for ripping off "loyal" customers with annual increases that bear no relation to underlying costs.
Underlying costs are 0.25%, but it charges nothing on the first £10,000.
Patient charges and tariffs do not give an accurate estimate of the underlying costs.
However, cost-effectiveness was sensitive to relatively small changes in underlying costs and treatment outcomes.
The use of experience curves for renewable energy options such as solar and wind power has allowed analysts, practitioners, and policy makers to assess potential price reductions, and underlying cost decreases, for these technologies in the future.
Aside from higher drug costs, what is driving up prices? A. Outside of Medicare or Medicaid, underlying cost trends are accelerating for several reasons.
Exploration write-offs, weaker refining margins and the impact of a huge divestment programme pushed those results – on an underlying cost basis – down to $2.8bn, compared with $3.9bn for the same period in 2012.
