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Exact(55)
Underlying cost growth during the quarter was modest, it said, and its capital ratios remained broadly in line with those at the end of 2007.
Aside from higher drug costs, what is driving up prices? A. Outside of Medicare or Medicaid, underlying cost trends are accelerating for several reasons.
This is used to determine which individuals contribute to subsequent generations and improves upon the traditional direct use of the underlying cost function.
Exploration write-offs, weaker refining margins and the impact of a huge divestment programme pushed those results – on an underlying cost basis – down to $2.8bn, compared with $3.9bn for the same period in 2012.
For a set of parameters we quantify the size of the improvements and show that the improvement depends intimately on the regularity imposed on the underlying cost function.
We also find that not only was budgetary slack purposefully built during the budgeting process but also in the budgeting system itself through the underlying cost accounting assumptions.
Similar(5)
The underlying cost-optimization model is, however, applicable as a concept.
"We are still losing money, but if you look at our underlying cost-cutting, restructuring, supply chain overhaul, gross margins, operation expense improvements, I would defy anyone to not say, 'Wow.
This simplifies the analysis without influencing the underlying cost-benefit tradeoff of the feedback.
The aim of this section is to understand further factors underlying cost-effectiveness through published literature.
However, a BIA model that includes prevalence and incidence often does require the complexity of a cost-effectiveness model, and therefore can be based on an extension of the underlying cost-effectiveness model.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com