For our purposes, the transmitted symbols will finitely be generated from an underlying finite constellation using algebraic number field constructions.
where N ¯ e and d min are the number of nearest neighbors and the minimum distance of separation of the underlying scale constellation, respectively [1],[1]].
Over the past decades, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia have been proposed as the common disorder underlying a constellation of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia) referred to as the metabolic syndrome or syndrome X [ 1].
Although coherent factors emerged for the individual domains of the proposed ICD-11 category of C-PTSD, our analysis failed to identify a unitary higher order factor underlying the constellation as a whole.
Thus, molecular constellations underlying gene x environment interactions indicate (as risk markers), if not contribute to (as risk factors), PTSD susceptibility in humans.
Low-grade chronic inflammation has been hypothesized to underlie the constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, possibly by inducing insulin resistance.
In summary, community-based neuropathology studies have shown that complex constellations of underlying pathologies may lead to cognitive decline, and that the number of possible combinations increases in the aging brain.
However, we can upper bound (30) by setting σ z 2 = min σ z 2, 2. In particular, the general form of σ z 2 is defined by the underlying SM signal-symbol constellation size, M. To this extent, expressions for σ z 2 are defined using the upper bound for square QAM constellation sizes.
The symptom constellation and underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may vary considerably among patients (Lembo & Camilleri 2003).
This is probably related to the vast constellation of underlying conditions that contribute to the deterioration of the circulatory system, such as chronic hypervolemia, high blood pressure, and periodic episodes of intravascular hypovolemia with attendant tissue hypoxia, all superimposed on a background of vascular disease, diabetes, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
A recent systematic review of MM patterns described a non-random pattern of MM for which common pathophysiological mechanisms underlie each disease constellation [ 1].
