Most ironically, as the 9/11 attacks, the bombing of the London Underground and cyber-attacks against European banks illustrate, armed forces are not always relevant to the most pressing security risks of the 21st century.
Pirate accounts, resold in the black market by State institution network administrators themselves, are already a preview of this cyber underground.
There are myriad ramifications to the hacking of Sony's computers and the domino effect of its yanking "The Interview," in the wake of a murky threat from the North Korean cyber underground.
One of the reasons Russia (and, to a lesser extent, China) has emerged as the most feared player in cyberwarfare is because it always acts indirectly, usually by relying on nimble underground gangs of cyber-criminals.
Some bot herders rent or sell infected machines on underground markets to other cyber criminals looking to engage in a wide variety of activities.
Such criminals could be after a whole host of things, such as data they can sell on the cyber-underground (credit card numbers, employee details and login details are particular favourites).
His entire emotional life has gone underground - or rather into cyber-space - displaced into fanatical worship of a (fictional) singer called Lily Chou-Chou, inspired by Faye Wong, the star of Chungking Express.
Related: 'Operation Cyber Juice' Shuts Down Underground Steroid Labs Across US.
According to court documents, Anonymous is an underground hate group that, in addition to the cyber attack, targeted Churches of Scientology and members with death threats, bomb threats and fake anthrax mail.
This time the source of evil cyber-mayhem is the Farm, an underground desert bunker that Mr. Connelly makes frighteningly plausible.
