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We speculate that overexpression of OCT4 in a subpopulation of cells in the mammary gland was able to maintain these cells in a 'locked in' and undifferentiated state, limiting them from undergoing downstream lineage specification gene programs.
The fact that only a relatively small population of cells was able to differentiate and that OCT4 was still highly expressed in OTBCs suggested that these cells maintained aberrant self-renewal and were limited from undergoing downstream differentiation gene programs.
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CO production is greatest in regions which undergo significant downstream interaction.
This suggested that a significant component of the cytokine polarization of responses to iNKT cell activating glycolipids in vivo depends on the extent to which IFNγ and potentially other proinflammatory cytokines are produced by other leukocytes that undergo transactivation downstream of the initial iNKT cell stimulation.
Therefore, consideration of downstream signalling in patients undergoing a combination of therapies may provide additional predictive information not available at the level of the receptor or ligand.
This paper presents the evaluation of an existing numerical model of multiphase flow and transport for its ability to conduct analysis on the expected solute concentrations downstream of NAPL source zones undergoing remediation.
The SD signals by undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation in order to recruit downstream effectors.
Animals containing mutations in nuc-1 accumulate TUNEL positive material in cells undergoing apoptosis during embryogenesis, suggesting that nuc-1 acts downstream to convert TUNEL positive fragments to TUNEL negative fragments.
Recently, it has been reported that TNFR proteins self assemble in the absence of ligand, undergoing conformational changes upon ligand engagement that lead to downstream signaling [ 8].
For instance, even if an upstream gene undergoes disruptive mutation, its downstream targets might still be activated by alternative routes that do not involve the disrupted element.
Caspase 3 is a downstream effector protein of apoptosis, expression of which is indicative of undergoing apoptosis.
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