Catalyst particles used for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in oil refineries can undergo attrition, which can contribute to the production of fines.
Unless we consider a so-called pro-drug, which requires metabolic activation for achieving efficacy, an otherwise unstable compound usually undergoes attrition during the drug development.
6 Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that undergo attrition each time a somatic cell divides.
However, owing to low telomerase activity in most normal human somatic cells (Blasco, 2005), telomeres undergo attrition with losses in the range of 20 70 bp per year estimated in adults (Benetos et al., 2001; Canela et al., 2007; Codd et al., 2010).
Telomerase confers limitless proliferative potential to most human cells through its ability to elongate telomeres, the natural ends of chromosomes, which otherwise would undergo progressive attrition and eventually compromise cell viability.
The results obtained demonstrate that the surface hardness of AISI D2 steel undergoing ion nitriding and atomic attrition was about 1500 HV; which is the highest surface hardness among all the specimens tested, and almost 250 HV higher than that of a conventionally ion nitrided specimen.
As the F-105 force underwent severe attrition between 1965 and 1968, the bombing role of the F-4 proportionately increased until after November 1970 (when the last F-105D was withdrawn from combat) it became the primary USAF tactical ordnance delivery system.
We not only have been unable to detect telomerase activity in cultured LMP tumour cells using the TRAP assay, but also the cells underwent telomere attrition culminating in crisis.
While telomeres in atr tert double mutants underwent accelerated attrition, which was accompanied by an early onset of genome instability, the rate of telomere shortening in atm tert mutants was unaltered.
And it's not simply the presence or prospect of death that haunts him: an admirer of Wordsworth's poetry, he registers with particular sensitivity the slow spiritual attrition we undergo as we move further from the vibrant world of childhood.
18 21 To assess the potential (attrition) bias in using completers, we adjusted the denominators of these two studies to all individuals undergoing randomisation.
