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Although the findings of Keller et al. (2009) and Simcox and Fiez (2014) are informative, there are two reasons why they may lead to underestimation of timing errors.
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Master the art of timing.
Sharpen your sense of timing.
In a recent study, the poplar genome duplication was estimated to have occurred 45 mya, although it was acknowledged this was an underestimation of the timing due to the much slower substitution rates in poplar compared to other species [ 35].
The Deputy Minister perhaps underestimates the Colonel, underestimation of one's adversary being a fatal weakness of many ambitious men.
A coincidence of timing?
And in terms of timing?
Uniqueness guarantee of timing synchronization.
In this microbial community, measurements of N2 fixation using the direct injection of a 15N2 gas bubble during a 24 hour incubation will lead to a variable underestimation of the true N2 fixation rate, depending on the timing of the incubation start relative to the peak in the nitrogenase activity (Fig. 5C, solid lines).
Underestimation of the duration of a harvester work cycle, measured by the cumulative timing PSION method in thinned stands, was due to underestimation of the duration of nearly all of the activity categories (Table 3).
However, the duration of immunity after H5N1 infection is not known and the timing of sampling in these studies may have resulted in an underestimation of those having experienced prior infection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com