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Unknown confounders may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the interaction.
This was done to exclude hot days from the reference group for extremely cold days and vice versa, thus avoiding an over-or underestimation of the interaction in situations where the modifier of interest acts for both hot and cold days.
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The neglection of them would inevitably lead to underestimation of the metal ligand interaction or even incorrectly docked ligands.
It should also be noted that the fixed distance relationship of the positive charge on the side chain and the α-amino group in our model studies may result in underestimation of the binding interaction, compared with two side chains in a real protein ligand, which might have greater freedom of movement and thus of more optimal positioning.
The underestimation by Passive of the interaction effect accords with the finding of Von Hippel (2009) in a real dataset that the estimate from Passive was closer to zero than that from JAV.
Therefore, due to measurement imprecision and loss of data, our associations were measured more conservatively than by using ordinal variables, possibly leading to underestimation of the association and interaction measures.
The root problem is a dramatic underestimation of the complexity of interactions between implant design, materials, and the biological system.
The discrepancy between theory and experiment can be attributed to underestimation of the van der Waals interactions, chemisorption of Ca2 + onto the surfaces, or by factors affecting the double-layer interactions, which are not included in the Poisson Boltzmann equation.
In one standard docking using EADock, a success rate of only 28% was achieved, clearly indicating the underestimation of the role of iron ligand interactions.
These measurement errors might result in an underestimation of the gene by occupational exposure interaction association.
Furthermore, focusing exclusively on angiopathy may have caused an underestimation of the role of the functional interaction existing between blood vessels and the neuronal component.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com