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We may have underestimated reported use of self-administered drug therapy in some dual Medicare and Medicaid eligible recipients because we did not have access to Medicaid prescription files.
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While this approach certainly represents a good option, it is still a proxy for true measures, and we know from other work that family members often underestimate reported quality of life of patients when the two measures are compared [ 13].
It appears that the risk of HIV transmission among women in Vietnam has been underestimated; the reported data may represent as little as 16% of the real number.
This research has been hampered by reliance on recording of factors indicating medical risk, many of which may be underestimated using reported data [ 6, 24, 25].
"And this is an underestimate," reports Epstein.
This might underestimate the reported associations.
Single-point measurement increases the chance of random measurement error, which may underestimate the reported associations.
Secondly, the study relied on self-reported engagement in coffee consumption, which was likely to cause the misclassification of exposure, and may underestimate the reported associations.
Of note, the rates of diabetes in Kuwait and many LMIC countries have not been standardized for age, which underestimates the reported prevalence and future burden of diabetes, because these countries generally have younger populations than developed countries.
Second, the study relied on job title-based and self-reported engagement in sedentary behaviours, which was likely to cause the misclassification of exposure, and may underestimate the reported associations.
The effects of itching in PCT should not be underestimated and was reported to be a severe problem for some participants.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com